There are few people who would not like tomatoes. They are grown in greenhouses and open ground, on balconies, terraces and even window sills. Tomatoes are consumed fresh, fried, stewed, made sauces and all kinds of gravies. They are harvested for the winter: salted, fermented, pickled and canned.

General information about culture

Tomato is an annual plant of the nightshade family. His homeland is South America.

Tomatoes have a very strong root system. The stem is erect, has many branches - stepchildren. It can reproduce both by seeds and by stepsons. The fruits are round or elongated. Color from pink to crimson. From light green to yellow. There are also brown, purple, orange, chocolate-colored tomatoes.

Early ripening

Tomatoes are classified into:

  • Early ripening;
  • Mid-season;
  • Late ripening.

From a botanical point of view, a tomato is a berry, and from a culinary point of view, a vegetable. But no matter how it is called, it is incredibly tasty.

Tomatoes are grown in open and closed ground. Everyone knows that outdoors, tomatoes (and any plants) receive the full spectrum of the sun. And the greenhouse is at least covered with something - some part of it is delayed. And in view of this, in the open field, tomatoes are sweeter and fleshy. Therefore, gardeners are trying to plant tomatoes both in the greenhouse and in the open ground. And, of course, choose the varieties so that the tomatoes start growing as early as possible and bear fruit until late autumn.

Early varieties are those that begin to ripen 75-100 days after germination. Most often they are stunted, that is, determinant. At a certain stage, the last brush forms at the top and then they no longer grow. Such tomatoes generally grow no more than a meter. For Central Russia, such early tomatoes are the most suitable. Consider which tomatoes are considered the earliest and sweetest.

Advantages of undersized tomatoes

The best modern varieties of tomatoes for open ground

Tomatoes with a height of 50-100 cm can not be tied or the garter will be minimal;

Low tomatoes are often early ripening. They ripen when late blight is not yet very active;

Such tomatoes do not need to be pinned.

Early varieties of tomatoes for open field

Riddle

Beet seeds: the best varieties for outdoor use

This is an ultra-early ripening, compact, short bush 45-50 cm high with a very powerful trunk. From planting to maturation, 85-90 days pass. The Zagadka variety is very resistant to major diseases and has almost no stepchildren. He is not afraid of low light. Fruit weight 90-100 g, it is universal.

Example # 1

Dubok

Early ground tomato, according to the characteristics and description of the variety. A compact shrub 40-50 cm high with weak branching. Ripening time 85-105 days. Fruits 50-100 g in size, slightly ribbed, have a very dense skin, which is ideal for preservation. But even fresh, Oak is good.

Example No. 2

With the right farming practices and the right climate, you can harvest up to eight kilograms of excellent tomatoes from a bush. Oak is grown in seedlings. The seeds are planted in mid-March. In the phase of two or three leaves they dive.Before planting in the ground, it is necessary to feed the seedlings twice with complex fertilizers, they are planted at the end of May, after having hardened them for a week. Watering, like all tomatoes, every 5-7 days, but you should not dry out the soil either.

Kazabalyk tomato

This is an ultra-early, long-fruiting (from early June to October) variety. Grown through seedlings. It is necessary to plant it in a permanent place when the threat of frost has passed. The land for Kazabalyk must be well fertilized. Add humus, sand and ash to the hole. Its height is 50-60cm. The whole bush is sprinkled with tomatoes. Tomatoes weighing up to 50 g.

Example No. 3

They are average in taste, but for such a long period of fruiting they can be forgiven for this. During the growing season, up to 800 fruits can form on the bush. Requests a lot of water, no less than a bucket under a bush. On very hot days, water twice a week.

Important! There is no need to stepchild him, although he will grow a lot of stepsons. They will all bear fruit.

You don't need to tie it up either. He will spread his twigs on a prepared mulch and will "work". Here is such a wonderful high-yielding variety. Fruits with a very thin skin. Used fresh and for processing.

Explosion

Superearly Explosion - an improved version of the well-known variety White Naliv. Height up to 60 cm, fruiting occurs in 90-110 days. In southern regions, Explosion Seeds can be planted directly into open ground. In more northern areas, it is better to use the seedling planting method.

Example No. 4

Although it is not recommended to tie and pinch it, it is still better to tie it up, since the branches can break from the load of the fruits. And it would not hurt to remove the extra processes, the fruits will be larger. The only drawback of such a good tomato is that it is a hybrid and therefore it makes no sense to collect seeds for subsequent planting. This variety is good for the Moscow region.

Red fang

Determinant early ripe tomato variety. The bush is up to 80 cm high. It is simply hung with fruits resembling a canine in shape and weighing up to 90g. Individual tomatoes reach a length of 15 cm. Like all low-growing varieties, it is grown through seedlings, planted in a permanent place when the danger of frost has passed. And then the Red Fang only needs watering, weeding and two or three times feeding with mineral fertilizers. This tomato is not afraid of viral and fungal infection. Phytophthora is not afraid of him either.

Example No. 5

Note!Vegetables of this type withstand heat well and are able to maintain their proper appearance after processing.

Early girl

Tomato Early girl - early hybrid, bush up to one meter high. It ripens 50-65 days after transplanting to a permanent place. Fruits of amazing taste, very sweet, without sourness, weighing from 50 to 200 g.

Example No. 6

Tomatoes Early Girl are unusually productive: from one square meter you can get up to 15 kg of excellent fruits. This variety has a very good immunity to various kinds of diseases. Plants do not tolerate a drop in temperature, so it is still better to grow them in a polycarbonate greenhouse. But in warm areas it is possible in the open field. This variety is not self-pollinated. This means that bees or artificial pollination are definitely needed: shaking a bush or clicking on a flower brush.

Sanka

Sanka is a determinant. Compact bush that does not require pinching. The fruit is medium in size and perfectly shaped, as if calibrated. There are several bunches on each bush. Tomatoes are dense, which is ideal for canning. Manages to mature before being damaged by late blight. Compared to the same early Lyanoy, it is not susceptible to apical rot. Sanka is a very cold-resistant variety. For areas of the Central Black Earth Region, especially those who do not have a greenhouse, this is an ideal option.

Example No. 7

Mid-season varieties

The best varieties of tomatoes for open ground

Mid-season tomato varieties are those in which the ripening period from the beginning of germination to consumption is approximately 100 to 120 days.

Demidov

Determinant standard bush up to 65cm high. The leaves look like potato tops.From germination to fruit ripening, 100-110 days pass. Demidov is not a hybrid. It adapts well to all weather conditions. The bush is resistant to diseases, but if it has little moisture, it begins to ache with apical rot. Fruits from 80 to 120 g. Very tasty and well kept.

Example No. 8

Note! If the moisture is uneven, the fruits may crack.

Pink Elephant

Another representative of mid-season varieties is the Pink Elephant tomato, which ripens 110-115 days. A medium-sized bush - 120-170cm. It is best to form a bush in one stem. Clean up stepchildren constantly. The leaves of this variety look like a potato leaf. Already by the name it is clear that the fruits grow large, weighing 250-300 g, others reach 800 g, very tasty and fleshy. You can get up to 4 kg from a bush.

Example No. 9

Honey drop

Medium early small-fruited variety. Bushes are indeterminate, not standard. They grow to a height of two meters in a greenhouse, in open ground - up to one and a half. Requires compulsory pinching and garters. Fruits are very sweet, teardrop-shaped, yellow, in a bunch of 15 or more pieces. The harvest is given from July to early October.

Example No. 10

Note.In March, you need to sow seeds that give, quick and friendly shoots, in early June you can plant them in the ground. Very picky about the composition of the soil and top dressing. Mineral and organic fertilizers should be applied every two weeks. Tomato Honey Drop is resistant to diseases such as late blight, black leg, gray rot.

Late varieties

Late ripening varieties are considered those in which the growing season lasts more than 120 days. Such tomatoes are very thermophilic. Of course, it is better to grow them in an unheated greenhouse, but many summer residents grow them in the open field.

Bull heart

This is a late-ripening variety, ripening occurs 124-130 days after germination. Tall bushes need a garter and remove stepchildren. They reach a height of 1.4-1.8 m. The fruits are fleshy, sweet, with a slight sourness. On one plant there can be large, weighing more than 600 g and small, up to 100 g, tomatoes. You can collect up to 5 kg from a bush in the open field, in closed - up to 12 kg.

Example No. 11

The color of the fruit is deep red, although now tomatoes are bred with black, yellow, pink and white colors. These tomatoes are relatively resistant to diseases. The bull heart rightfully won first place among all tomatoes. The choice of this variety is a guarantee of a large harvest in any region of Russia.

Note! A feature of the variety is a later ripening, but their yield is excellent, and the fruits themselves do not crack and are sufficiently resistant to diseases and pests.

De barao

Gardeners have known this variety since the nineties, and it has not lost its popularity to this day. This is a tall bush up to 3 meters high, very picky about removing stepchildren. The foliage is dark green, slightly velvety. The fruits are very beautiful plum-shaped, weighing 40-90 g, with proper care of the seedlings and the plant as a whole, you can get up to 8-9 kg of tomatoes per square meter.

Example No. 12

Color depending on the variety can be:

  • Red;
  • Yellow;
  • Pink;
  • Black.

The taste of tomatoes is very delicate, with a balanced sour-sweet taste, intended for fresh consumption and for conservation.

Disease prevention

Plants are most often infected from each other. To prevent this from happening, you should not thicken the planting. Lower leaves and weeds should be removed periodically.

Important! It is necessary to carefully monitor watering, waterlogging is one of the reasons for the appearance of a fungus.

It is necessary to regularly loosen the soil and apply nitrogen fertilizers to a minimum.

For prevention purposes, before planting seedlings in a permanent place, it must be treated with a 0.5% solution of Bordeaux liquid.

Periodic treatment of the plant with copper chloride is recommended (for 10 liters of water - 40 g). The final processing should be carried out at least 20-30 days before harvest.

Prevention will help reduce the risk of diseases and various pests.

Knowing the varieties and ripening dates of tomatoes, you can grow a large harvest of tasty and healthy fruits in almost any region.